Jallikattu has been a controversial sport for many years. Animal rights activists have criticized the sport, arguing that it is cruel to the bulls. However, supporters of the sport argue that it is a traditional sport that is an important part of Tamil culture. While there have been several debates on the legality of the sport, there is a critical gap in people's interest in caring for the animals post their participation in the sport. For instance, several bulls who have participated in Jallikattu are often sent to slaughterhouses when they are deemed “no longer useful” or are injured and can’t recover to “perform” as before. This blog post aims to educate people about Jallikattu and encourage them to rescue the bulls who are sent for slaughter.

What is Jallikattu?

It is a bull taming sport where a bull is released into a crowd of participants - the goal is to grab and hold onto the bull's hump for a specific period of time or to remove a flag attached to the bull's horns. The participants, known as "manju virattu" or "veerapandi," attempt to tame the bull by controlling its movements or by subduing it without causing any harm to the animal. The sport requires skill, agility, and bravery from the participants.

The word "jallikattu" is derived from the Tamil words "jalli" (coin) and "kattu" (to tie). This is because in the original form of the sport, a bundle of coins was tied to the bull's horns, and the contestants would try to grab the coins without being thrown off the bull.With references in the Sangam Literature, the sport is thought to have originated in the Tamil Classical Era, which lasted from 400 to 100 BC. In fact, several ancient Tamil Sangams describe the practice as ‘bull embracing’ or yeru thazhuvuthal. This sport is typically held in the second week of January (during Pongal festival) in the state of TamilNadu in India. 

Several native cattle breeds are common participants in Jallikattu. These breeds have adapted to the local environment in Tamil Nadu and are known for their strength, agility, and temperament. Here are some of the prominent breeds associated with Jallikattu:

Kangayam: The Kangayam breed, also known as Kongu, is one of the most popular breeds used in Jallikattu. Native to the Kongu region of Tamil Nadu, Kangayam bulls are known for their muscular build, endurance, and aggressive nature. They have a distinctive appearance with a sturdy body, short horns, and a hump. Kangayam bulls are highly valued for their strength and are considered one of the best breeds for Jallikattu.

Pulikulam: The Pulikulam breed originate from the Madurai and Sivagangai districts of Tamil Nadu. These bulls are medium-sized with a robust build, sharp horns, and a hump. Pulikulam bulls are known for their agility, quick reflexes, and aggressive nature, making them well-suited for Jallikattu. They have a characteristic black coat with white markings on the forehead and limbs.

Alambadi: The Alambadi breed is native to the Salem and Dharmapuri districts of Tamil Nadu. These bulls have a sturdy build, strong limbs, and a prominent hump. Alambadi bulls are known for their endurance, speed, and agility, making them suitable for Jallikattu. They have a predominantly black coat with white markings on the face, neck, and limbs.

Bargur: The Bargur breed, also known as Manapad, is found in the Bargur hills of Tamil Nadu. These bulls have a robust build, muscular shoulders, and a well-developed hump. Bargur bulls are known for their strength, stamina, and aggressive nature. They have a dark brown or black coat with white markings on the face and body.

Umblachery: Umblachery is a native breed of bulls, predominantly found in the Thanjavur and Tiruchirappalli districts of Tamil Nadu, India. The breed is named after the town of Umblachery (also known as Hump-nosed breed), where they are believed to have originated. Umblachery bulls are known for their distinctive physical characteristics and their participation in Jallikattu.They are known for their stamina and ability to withstand heat.

In addition to names mentioned above, there are a number of other breeds that can sometimes participate in jallikattu. These include the Kilavari, and Thenimalai breeds as well. It is important to note that not all bulls of these breeds are suitable for jallikattu. Only the strongest, most agile, and most aggressive bulls participate in the sport. The bulls that participate in jallikattu are typically treated with respect, and are often seen as symbols of strength and masculinity.

Why care? 

For upholding animal welfare:

While the debate surrounding Jallikattu continues, our focus should be on ensuring the humane treatment of these animals. By rescuing them from slaughter, we provide them with a chance at a dignified life. Proper care, rehabilitation, and compassionate treatment can transform their lives, offering them the opportunity to thrive in a safe and loving environment.

For preserving genetic diversity:

Jallikattu bulls belong to indigenous breeds that have evolved over centuries, adapting to the local climate and environment. These breeds possess unique characteristics, resilience, and genetic diversity, which are vital for sustainable agriculture and livestock management. By rescuing these bulls, we contribute to the preservation of these invaluable genetic resources for future generations.

For promoting sustainable agriculture:

The conservation of Jallikattu bulls is not only about their well-being but also about ensuring the bulls are able to practice their dharma by contributing to the sustainability of agriculture in the region. Bulls are well-suited for traditional farming practices, as their strength and endurance make them valuable contributors to ploughing fields. By rescuing them, we support sustainable agricultural practices and help maintain a harmonious balance between humans and nature.

For empowering the local communities:

Rescuing Jallikattu bulls is a collective effort that empowers local communities. It provides an opportunity for farmers, animal rights activists, and concerned citizens to come together, collaborate, and make a meaningful impact. By contributing to rescue initiatives, we empower these communities, uplift their voices, and create a network of support dedicated to the welfare of Jallikattu bulls.

What can you do today?

Every year, as the festivities of Jallikattu fade away, a somber fate awaits the magnificent bulls that once thrilled the hearts of millions. These gentle giants, once revered and respected, now face the grim reality of being sent to slaughterhouses. However, we have the power to make a difference. By joining hands and contributing to the rescue efforts, we can save these iconic creatures from an untimely demise and protect a cultural heritage that spans centuries. 

Here are two things you can act on today:

1. There are many organizations that rescue Jallikattu bulls that you can find online (here's one!) Reach out and contact one of an organization of your choice to learn more about how you can help. You can start by making a financial contribution to support a rescue operation. Your contribution, no matter how big or small, can make a world of difference. 

2. It is absolutely important to move towards a more sustainable solution, which is to completely STOP the act of slaughtering bulls. These bulls are often treated with respect and care during their lives, but are often discarded when they are no longer needed for the sport. Sending them to slaughter is cruel and unnecessary. Rescuing a Jallikattu bull can give them a second chance at life, where they can participate in creating thriving and sustainable ecosystems. They deserve a loving home where they are treated with respect. Seek and join the rescue efforts to be a part of a remarkable journey toward compassion and preservation.

The rescue of Jallikattu bulls is a noble cause that transcends geographical boundaries and cultural differences. By saving these majestic animals, we save a part of our history, protect animal welfare, preserve genetic diversity, promote sustainable agriculture, and empower local communities. Let us stand together and ensure that the bulls can live their lives in safety and dignity. It is time to come together and make a difference in the lives of bulls!